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Introduction

The members of the Council called on the parties to uphold an agreement and to act seriously to implement its provisions in good faith to countries such as Israel and Palestinian people. They expressed their continued support for the ongoing international efforts to consolidate this agreement. The members of the Council also expressed strong appreciation for the efforts of United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon in this regard. They called on the international community to contribute to improving the living conditions of the people, through providing additional emergency aid through appropriate established channels to the Palestinian people, including food, fuel and medical treatment. The members of the Council stressed the urgency of the restoration of calm in full and reiterated the importance of achieving a comprehensive peace based on the vision of a region where two democratic States, Israel and Palestine, live side by side in peace with secure and recognized borders.

 

Background of the topic

The Middle East—defined here as the stretching area from the Persian Gulf to North Africa—has witnessed sporadic U.S. military intervention since 1801, when Thomas Jefferson sent out a flotilla of warships to the shores of Tripoli to protect American commerce from raids by the Barbary pirates. The U.S. Navy periodically guarded the Mediterranean during the nineteenth century from bases in Minorca and Sicily, and American troops fought their first major engagement of World War II—Operation Torch—in Algeria.

 

Overview of the countries

Bahrain:

Current Leader: King Hamad bin Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa

Political System: Monarchical rule, limited role for a semi-elected parliament

Current Situation: Civil unrest

Further Details: Mass pro-democracy protests erupted in February 2011, prompting a government crackdown aided by troops from Saudi Arabia. But unrest continues, as a restless Shiite majority confronts a state dominated by the Sunni minority. The ruling family has yet to offer any significant political concessions.

 

Syria:

Current Leader: President Bashar al-Assad

Political System: Family-rule autocracy dominated by minority Alawite sect

Current Situation: Civil war

Further Details: After a year and a half of unrest in Syria, conflict between the regime and the opposition has escalated to full-scale civil war. Fighting has reached the capital and key members of the government have been killed.

 

Egypt:

Current Leader: Interim President Adly Mansour / Army Chief Mohammad Hussein Tantawi

Political System: Interim authorities, elections due early 2014

Current Situation: Transition from autocratic rule

Further Details: Egypt remains locked in a large process of political transition after the resignation of the long-serving leader Hosni Mubarak in February 2011, with most of the real political power still in the hands of the military. Mass anti- government protests in July 2013 forced the army to remove Egypt’s first democratically elected president, Mohammed Morsi.

 

Iraq:

Current Leader: Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki

Political System: Parliamentary democracy

Current Situation: High risk of political and religious violence

Further Details: Iraq’s Shiite majority dominates the governing coalition, placing growing strain on the power-sharing agreement with Sunnis and Kurds. Al Qaeda is using the Sunni resentment of the government to mobilize support for its escalating campaign of violence.

 

Iran:

Current Leader: Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei / President Hassan Rouhani

Political System: Islamic republic

Current Situation: Regime infighting / Tensions with the West

Further Details: Iran’s oil-dependent economy is under severe strain due to sanctions imposed by the West over the country’s nuclear program. Meanwhile, supporters of former president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad vie for power with factions backed by Ayatollah Khamenei, and reformists who are placing their hopes in President Hassan Rouhani.

 

Libya:

Current Leader: Prime Minister Ali Zeidan

Political System: Interim governing body

Current Situation: Transition from autocratic rule

Further Details: July 2012 parliamentary elections were won by a secular political alliance. However, large parts of Libya are controlled by militias, former rebels that brought down the regime of Col. Muammar al-Qaddafi. Frequent clashes between rival militias threaten to derail the political process.

 

United States:

Current leader: The President of the United States of America Barack Obama

Political System: the American political system is dominated by two political parties: the Democratic Party and the Republican Party

Current Situation: Financial crisis

Further Details : The nation's financial situation is extremely ominous given the fact that America has shifted from being a nation of producers to being a nation of consumers.

 

Russia:

Current Leader: The President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin

Political System: Russia is a federated state with a republican government.

Current Situation: Political and Economic situations.

Further Details: Putin has an underdeveloped economy masked by high energy prices, and a peace process for Syria sitting precariously alongside a poor human rights record.

 

Israel:

Current Leader: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu

Political System: Parliamentary democracy

Current Situation: Political stability / Tensions with Iran

Further Details: Netanyahu’s right-wing Likud Party came on top of the early elections held in January 2013, but faces a hard time keeping its diverse government coalition together. Prospects for a breakthrough in peace negotiations with Palestinians are close to zero, and military action against Iran is possible in Spring 2013.

 

Lebanon:

Current Leader: President Michel Suleiman / Prime Minister Najib Mikati

Political System: Parliamentary democracy

Current Situation: High risk of political and religious violence

Further Details: Lebanon’s governing coalition backed by the Shiite militia Hezbollah has close links to the Syrian regime, while the opposition is sympathetic to Syrian rebels who have established a rear base in northern Lebanon. Clashes erupted between rival Lebanese groups in the north, capital remains calm but tense.

 

Saudi Arabia:

Current Leader: King Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz Al-Saud

Political System: Absolutist monarchy

Current Situation: Royal family rejects reforms

Further Details: Saudi Arabia remains stable, with anti-government protests limited to areas populated with the Shiite minority. However, growing uncertainty over the succession of power from the current monarch raises the possibility of tension within the royal family.

 

Focus of military intervention

  1. Can military intervention be “humanitarian” ?

 

  1. How is your delegation involved in the middle east conflict?

 

  1. Which of the military intervention different areas is more important? Why?

 

  1. Does economy and religion play a major role inside military intervention? Why?

 

  1. Is military intervention mostly caused by political problems in your country? Why?

 

  1. Is military intervention causing a civil war in you country? Why?

 

Bibliography

Topic B:

Military Intervention in the Middle East 

 

Topic A:

Political problems between North and South Korea.

 

Introduction

Much has happened between North and South Korea since the peninsula was divided into two in 1945 following World War II. The Western world appears to have grown accustomed to ridiculing North’s boisterous talks and noisy threats to attack the South and defeat the Western capitalist imperialists. With the recent changes to the status quo however, perhaps it is time to re-evaluate North Korea’s threats

 

Background of the topic     

There were two major events in recent history that sparked the increase in tension between the two countries. The first was the sinking of South Korea`s navy battleship. Cheon-An-Ham, on March 26th 2010. A total of 40 navy men died and 6 went missing from this attack. When the battleship first floundered,  South Korean government hesitated to accuse  North Korea for the attack due to North Korea`s denial. The second major event was North Korea`s shelling of Yeon-Pyeong Island of West Sea  that took place November 23rd 2010. North Korea fired over 100 shells which resulted in 2 deaths and 16 injuries among South Korean navy officers and 2 deaths and 1o injuries among civilians. These countries were “working” to maintain peace and unify to create 1 powerful nation, but recently the situation on the peninsula is deteriorating. There are no signs of resolving the issue. If South Korean provocations continue, war will break out and we are prepared to fight. Because the situation has deteriorated, that is why we invalidated the 1953 ceasefire agreement. What we need is a permanent place treaty, so there will be no more war danger.

 

Overview of the countries

North Korea:

Kim Jung Un was to prove himself to the massive military leadership that North Korean government is tied to. He has to convince the military leaders that he has the guts to attack South Korea and has to prove that the military program will still grow under his own leadership in order to secure his position within the government. Kim Jung Un is increasing aggression.

South Korea:

Park Geun-Hye, South Korea´s first female president, has less tolerance for North Korean aggression. In her political campaign, she made it clear that she will not tolerate any further aggression from North Korea. This makes that tension increase in the relationship between these countries. South Korea has warned other countries because of their nuclear weapons.

China:

The country of China only wants peace between both countries. China has repeatedly called for restraint on the peninsula. China is insisting on the agreement between countries.

United States:

North Korea has canceled an armistice agreement with the United States that ended the Korean War and cut all hotlines with U.S. forces, the United Nations and South Korea. Pyongyang uses the U.S. nuclear arsenal as a justification for its own push for nuclear weapons. It says that U.S. nuclear firepower is a threat to its existence.

 

Questions to the delegate

-What is the likely outcome of this crisis and the future of these regions?

 

-What is the reality of north korea domestically and its leadership?

 

-Wich countries support north korea and what they want to achieve by supporting north korea?

 

-Is there any international involvement in this crisis?

 

Blibliography

http://www.un.org/en/sc/

http://thepoliticalbouillon.com/en/a-peninsula-back-at-war-whats-happening-between-north-and-south-korea/

 

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